adidas Swift Run 22 Shoes 'Grey Three / Cloud White' GZ3495

adidas Swift Run 22 Shoes 'Grey Three / Cloud White' GZ3495

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adidas Swift Run 22 Shoes 'Grey Three / Cloud White' GZ3495

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"There is a war... for your Mind!" That's the slogan of InfoWars, the incendiary conspiracy news network and nutritional supplement marketing firm. And while Alex Jones is wrong about almost everything, he's right about that. In LikeWar Singer and Brooking ably synthesize a sophisticated picture of information warfare in 2018, drawing from sources as diverse as Taylor Swift, Donald Trump, and ISIS, to argue that the internet has lead to a blurring of lines between consumer, citizen, journalist, activist, and warrior which threatens the foundations of liberal democracy. The tech companies which built these platforms and profited from them must grapple with the politics of their technologies, before we all reap the whirlwind. Computer networks and smart phones connect billions of people, allowing ideas to flow faster than ever before in history. Sometimes, the results can be impressive. The Chiapas Zapatista movement in 1994 was a dial-up and fax version of a network insurgency that managed to bring enough international opprobrium on Mexico that the government blinked, and reached some kind of political accord (Chiapas is complicated). More recently, Eliot Higgins and a team of open source analysts at Bellingcat managed to track down the exact BUK missile system and Russian soldiers responsible for shooting down MH 17 in 2014. But there are a lot of dark sides. When people connect, the emotion that spreads most rapidly is anger. Lies spread five times faster than truth. Musicians can use social networks to directly connect with their fans, and ISIS uses it to connect with alienated Muslim youths worldwide. Social networks sort diverse citizens into filter bubbles of people who think alike. Eliot Higgin's careful open source intelligence has a paranoid fun-house mirror version in the QAnon conspiracy, where Qultist decoders find hidden messages from an alleged 'senior white house source'. And then there is the matter of information war, an area that even now, after years of offensive cyber operations, liberal democracies still don't understand. Hostile propaganda slips into Western news networks and major platforms like Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram are infested with bots. LikeWar can even take a personal toll. Over the course of writing this book, General Michael Flynn went from forward looking full-spectrum commander to head Trumpist conspiracy cheerleader to indicted and plead out felon. Flynn's fall is complex, but it can't be separated from the internet. If the trolls got him, what chance does your idiot cousin stand? The counters, 'citizen truth teams' and senior emissaries to groups vulnerable to recruitment, seem like thin reeds against the coming maelstrom of noise. LikeWar starts with Clausewitz's dictum that war is a continuation of politics by other means, and there are clear links between cyberspace and physical space. Intensity of hashtags impacted the subsequent intensity of Israeli airstrikes during attacks on the Gaza strip. ISIS used propaganda to create an aura of invincibility that outflanked the defenders of Mosul, while Russia denied that its 'little green men' were even in Ukraine. But the difference is that cyberspace is constructed space rather than natural space. The networks are built, maintained, and owned by real corporations and real people. The internet grew from an anarchic specialized scientific network to a major engine of commerce and communicate with little deliberate government oversight. Section 230 absolved American companies of responsibility for policing content, with major carve outs for copyrighted IP and pornography. Yet as concerns over cyberbullying and counter-terrorism rose, major networks adopted digital constitutions that were permissive towards speech and censorious towards erotica. Policing content is and was possible, but always took a back seat to growth and engagement, the guide stars of Silicon Valley. The future is if anything, darker. Advances in machine learning and AI allow ever more realistic bots, computer generated DeepFakes where a politician can be programmed to say anything, and personalized targeting of people with exactly the propaganda they'll believe. There are defensive counters, but if I might draw military analogies, what we saw in 2016 was armored warfare circa 1918: clearly the future, but not yet a mature system. Given the pace of technology, we only have a few years before digital blitzkrieg. I'm extremely online, and I've been following this space for years. I've presented at multiple conferences on this topic, including Governance of Emerging Technologies and Association of Internet Researchers. LikeWar is the book I wish I'd written. Cognizant, forward looking, and deeply researched, it is vital reading for anyone interested in technology or politics. My only reservation is that I wish the sources were better linked in the text, instead of being buried in static endnotes. Maybe the next edition will push an update.

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Reviewed in the United States on October 19, 2018

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Victoria Weisfeld

San Leandro, US

★★★★★ 5

Making Sense of the Tactics Deployed in the Social Media War

Format: Hardcover

Singer and Brooking’s book, pulls together in one place the various threads of information about cyberthreats from the last few years, weaving them into a coherent, memorable, and understandable(!) whole. All these authors provide exhaustive lists of sources. It’s incumbent on responsible people to understand the tactics of information warfare, because, “[recent Senate hearings] showed that our leaders had little grasp on the greatest existential threat to American democracy,” said Leigh Giangreco in the Washington Post. These ill-intentioned manipulators understand the human brain is hard-wired for certain reactions: to believe in conspiracy theories (“Obama isn’t an American”); to be gratified when we receive approval (“likes”!); to be drawn to views we agree with (“confirmation bias”). If we feel compelled to weigh in on some bit of propaganda or false information, social media algorithms see this attention and elevate the issue—“trending!”—so that our complaints only add to the virality of disinformation and lies. “Just as the internet has reshaped war, war is now radically reshaping the internet,” the authors say. Contrary to the optimism of the Silicon Valley entrepreneurs who saw social media as a positive, democratizing force, this new technology is being used to destructive effect at many levels of society. At a local scale, for example, it bolsters gang violence in Chicago; at a national scale, it contributed to the election of fringe politicians; at a regional scale, it facilitated the emergence of ISIS; and at an international scale, it undergirds the reemergence of repressive political movements in many countries. How to be a responsible citizen in this chaos? Like it or not, “we’re all part of this war,” the authors say, “and which side succeeds depends in large part on how much the rest of us learn to recognize this new warfare for what it is” and how ready we are for what comes next.

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Reviewed in the United States on January 14, 2019

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Lexington, US

★★★★★ 4

A Must-Read for the Internet Age (Even If It’s a Little Terrifying)

Format: Kindle

If you’ve ever found yourself doomscrolling through Twitter (sorry, X—ugh), arguing with a stranger in the comments section, or wondering why that ridiculous meme is suddenly everywhere, LikeWar is the book that explains why. And let me tell you, it does so in a way that’s as entertaining as it is unnerving. P.W. Singer and Emerson T. Brooking take a deep dive into the battlefield of social media, where wars aren’t just fought with bullets but with hashtags, viral videos, and AI bots pretending to be real people (or worse, real people pretending to be bots). They connect dots between everything from military psy-ops to online disinformation campaigns, showing how social media has become the new frontline of modern warfare. The book is packed with fascinating stories—from ISIS using social media to recruit followers like an influencer pushing protein powder, to political campaigns that make you question reality itself. And while the subject matter is serious, the authors keep things engaging with sharp writing, eye-opening insights, and just enough humor to keep you from spiraling into existential dread. So why four stars instead of five? Well, while LikeWar is undeniably eye-opening, it occasionally gets a little too caught up in explaining things at length. Some sections feel a bit stretched, like that one friend who insists on telling a story with every single detail included. A tighter edit in some places might have made it even stronger. That said, this book is a must-read for anyone who wants to understand how the internet shapes the real world—whether you’re a journalist, a policymaker, or just someone trying to figure out why your uncle keeps sharing weird conspiracy theories on Facebook. It’s insightful, timely, and slightly terrifying, but in the best way possible.

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Reviewed in the United States on March 17, 2025

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vickip007

Fort Morgan, US

★★★★★ 5

A Must Read That Belongs on Every Political, Social, or Military Strategist's Shelf

Format: Hardcover

LikeWar is the manual for warfare in the 21st century, a worthy successor to Singer's Ghost Fleet, and excellent debut work for Brooking. It belongs on the shelf of anyone who wants to seriously understand how war will be fought and social policy developed in the era of Facebook and Twitter. There is a particularly urgent need for this book at a time when most tacticians have their eyes firmly fixed on enhancing cybersecurity through the protection of systems and hardware. While this is undeniably important, LikeWar reminds us that the information that is transmitted over that infrastructure is no less, and possibly quite a bit more important than the infrastructure itself. This message has never been more urgent than today when democratic nations struggle with balancing the need for an open civil society against the risks of foreign subversion and influence. This is the next great battle. It will be fought in the trenches of Facebook and the swamps of Twitter - wise commanders will bring LikeWar with them as field guide. LikeWar stands out for its incredible scope and accessibility. Its coverage is comprehensive - everything from the 2016 election to the IDF's influence tactics are explored, analyzed, and fit into a comprehensive thesis about the changing face of war. Read LikeWar and you will have a confident grasp of the major developments in this new theater of combat. Yet the book remains eminently readable - this combat guide does not require a reader to slog through the bone-dry prose of a TRADOC manual or an academic paper. It is quick and engaging yet thorough at the same time. In short, Singer and Brooking have written a manual for combat in the new millennium that is both engaging and substantial enough to leave their reader a master of the new face of battle.

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Reviewed in the United States on October 3, 2018